Typewriting machine



Sept. 18, 1945. F.. SMATHERS TYP-EWRI'TING MACHINE Filed 001:. 10 1942 4Sheets-Sheet 1 AITORNEY 3 1 39451 J, F. SMATHERS TYPEWRI'IING MACHINEFiled Oct. l0, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 a 2 S van 3 an 3 a on ATTORNEY.

Sept. 18, 1945. SMATIHERS 2,385,036

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct. 10 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 'FIG.3.

W E'ENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept. 18,1945

UNITED STATES TYPEWRITING MACHINE James F. Sm athera Rochester, N. Yassignor to International Business Machines Corporation,

New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York 20 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriting machines. An object of the presentinvention is to provide ,1 an improved variable carriage feed mechanism.

An object is to provide a variable carriage feed mechanism which hasrelatively fewer parts 7 than is usually the case.

Typewriting machines have been equipped with variable carriage feedmechanisms which vary the spacing of the work sheet receiving theimpressions in proportion to the widths of the.

characters printed. Such mechanisms have been constructed in mandifferent forms, but they all have one characteristic feature of theprovision i of some form of selector mechanism which usually'iscontrolled in some fashion by the character keys to determine the extentof spacing of the carriage and hence of the work sheet upon which thecharacters are impressed. As a rule these selector mechanisms are soarranged thateach keydirectly moves or controls -a part which in somemanner or other selectively controls the 'escapement mechanism itself.In the past it has usually been considered necessary to provide each keywith a separate character feed element too great a compromise in thedesign of the type 7 with the shift mechanism.

face used on the type bars. It has been found that this results inunnecessary duplication of parts which the rect. In the present case thetype font is arranged with the letters divided into groups with all ofthe characters. in one group having the same spacing. It has been foundby careful study that nearly all of the characters can have the samespacing with the exception of certain letters which will be enumeratedhereinafter in the detailed description of the invention. By this meansit is possible to greatly reduce the number of parts in the machine.Thus, in the present case the machine illustratively includes42 typebars of which only 10 in the lower case and only 13 in the upper caseneed have a selective action on the escapement mechanism.

This reduces by more than half the number of present invention aims tocor'- Application October 10, 1942, Serial No. 461,551

'Another object is to provide a more compact escapement which has fewerparts. taking into consideration the number of selections which may beefiected, than former escapements. Another object is to provide anescapement mechanism which is a self-contained unit and may be directlymounted on one of the carriage supporting rails.

An object is to provide an improved escape-1 ment of the ratchet wheeltype which is simpler in construction and has fewer working parts thanvariable escapements proposed heretofore.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and disclose, by way of example, the principle ofthe invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, 1 ofapplying that principle.

In thedrawings: 1 Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the machine. m

Fig. 1A is a view showing the selector mechanism in upper case position.Fig. 2 is a view looking in the direction of the 26 arrows 2-2 in Fig- 1with thecarriage removed.

Figs. 2A is a view of the selector slide. Fig. 3 is a rear view of theuniversal bar. Fig. 4 is aside view'of the shift mechanism- Fig. 5 is afront view of certain parts associated Fig. 6 is a; large scale sideview of the escape ment mechanism. 4 Fig. 7 is a section on the line 1-1in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a section on the line H in Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is asection on the line 9-9 in Fig. 6. The present invention is disclosed inthe drawings as applied to the well known Electromatic typewriter, alsoknown as the International, purely as a convenience in description. Itwill be understood that the invention may be applied to other poweroperated typewriters or to manually operated typewriters withoutaltering the principles or basic features of the invention. Since theElectromatic typewriteris now well known, only a very brief descriptionwill be given herein.

The machine is controlled by character keys i0 (Fig. 1) with each ofwhich is associated a cam unit ii pivoted on one of two parallel fulcrumrods i 2 suitably supported in the framework of the machine. When anykey ii) is depressed the associated cam unit ii is rendered operable bythe power roller iii-which rotates continually in the direction of thearrow while the machine is in use.

illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which,

' rail 26.

secured a toothed clutch member 35 mes i:-

Eachcam unit II is connectedby a link H to a sub-leverv l5 pivoted on afulcrum rod 18. The

sub-levers l5are connected by links l8 and toggles i! to the type barsit which are mounted in a well known way in the segment it by means ofa'pivot wire 20. The segment I9 is supported in a type basket framewhich is generally desters by means of a cam unit, not shown, similar tothe cam units It and controlled by a shift keyalso not shown.

The machine is provided with the usual platen- 23 (Fig. I) mounted inthe carriage 24 which moves on the rear rail 25 and front rail 26. Justbefore the type bars l8 strike the work sheet on the platen 23 theyengage a universal bar Z'l which is mounted in the well known way bymeans of leaf springs '28 (Fig. 3) which compels the universal bar 21 tomove in substantially a straight line at right angles to the rear faceof the seg- The *escapement u: i is most clearly shown in Figs. 6 to 9and is wholly carried by a frame 30 secured to the underside of thefront It is by this means that reverse rotation of the right wheel 3 isprevented.

position of Fig. 8 to release ratchet I.

45, most clearly shown in Figs. 7 and 9, normally urges the pawl 44 in aclockwise direction on stud --3i and also holds it in its position ofFig. 8 in which it engages the teeth of ratchet 43. In this position therotational eflort applied to the ratchis provided with a tooth 48aadjacent the pin t7 ment N. This universal bar actuates the escapementmechanism selectively in a mr made clear hereinafter.

.This frame pports along stud ea mmmlmg the pement pinion a: which et 34by the carriage spring motor forces the pawl 44 up against a screw stud46 (Fig. 8

The pawl 44 has an arcuate portion b which is concentric withthe stud tiwith the parts in the normal position (Fig. 8). Engaging thi areuateportion b is a pin ll (Fig. 6) on a slide 48 movable horizontally'inFig. 8 on a stud 49 carried by the frame and on stud II, the slide 1 48'being slotted for this purpose. The slide it whichtooth is normallyclear of the teeth of the ratchet 8d.

A spring 59, anchored-to a reduced portion of a, stud ii on the slide 48and to a pin carried by the frame dd, normally holds the slide 88 in itsleithand position of Fig. 8. If the slide 18 is moved to the right withreference to Fig. 8, the tooth fits will enter a tooth space in theratchet 34 and the pin 41 will push the pawl 44 to the right clear ofthe ratchet 34. When this takes place; the r will be free to rock thepawl v 64 clock until it is stopped. Considering only the parts as shownin Fig. 8 and assuming the slide o 48 is mov to the'right, the pawl 44will be rocked and8) is an escapement ratchet 34 to which is y a similarclutch member 38 siidably mounted along a tubular extension 32a (seeFig. 7) of the pinion 32. Clutch membertfiis keyed to sleeve 8.2a bymeans of a key 31a formed as an inwardly projecting lug of a retainingring ll which key tension 32a of pinion 32. The collar 8'! is alsoformed with two prongs 8111 which are pressed toward stud 3! into twoopenings formed in the tubular member 38. interposed between the clutchmember 36 and a washer as loose on the tubular portion 32a is a springto which normally holds the clutch member 38 in engagement to provide atapering space in which the member projects-into a slot 82b milled inthe tubular exthe result that the disengagement of the lug itscountercloc va, 1 130?! distance ina clockwise directibn imtil stop by aprojection 48b forming part of the slide 4!. If now the slide 48' isreleased, the t s M will draw it to the left bank to the from theratchet will permit it to rotate. in a direction an extent equivalent tothe ount the pawl n was rotated about stud st. This will amount to fourtooth spaces eans is provided for selectively controlling I the movementof the pawl N to permit the car- 4| is confined. This member is providedwith a I pilot for a spring 43 which is seated on a similar projectionon a block Ma attached to the frame it. The spring presses the member Hito the right in Fi 8 to jam the member ll between 1 the curved face ofthe block 42 and the bottom of the groove 34a thereby preventingclockwise rotation of the ratchet 36. The member 66, however, does notprevent counterclockwise rotation of the'ratchet 34 since this wouldhave the effect risge to move 2, 3, or 4 letter spaces as desired.-

This means includes a two unit slide 52 and a three unit slide 53 whichare slotted on their right hand ends (Fig. 9) to embrace the stud iiicarried by slide as andat their left hand ends are formed with closedslots embracing ,a stud Ed also carried by slide se. r

The two unit slide 52 has an upstanding post 52a (Fig. 9) which, byengagement with the portion a of pawl 64 when the slide 52 is moved.iection lib. Normally the slides 52 and I: are

held in the position of Fig. 9 by leaf springs 52!) secured by screws520 to the frame 30, the leaf springs extending into slots in the slidesand urging the slides to the left.

The three slides ll, 52. and 83 are operated selectively in thefollowing manner: When the slide ll is operated alonefour spaces result,when the'slides I. and 52 are both-operated together two spaces result,but when slide it operates three spaces take place. For this pur-' posethe slides i2, 53 are formed with offset portionsflb, 53b and the slide48 is provided with a U-shaped bend "c. a

' For the purpose of operating ll there is provided a member 55 (Figs.1, 2, 3, 8, 8 and 9) in the form of a U-shaped frame slidably mounted ona plate 56 which is secured bar 21. As best shown in Fig. 2 this plate58 is provided with horizontally aligned projectionstla with referenceto Fig.2, it'will be seen that if the universal bar 27 is moved upwardlytoward the rear of'the machine, the projections 56a,

trill carry the frame I55 upwardly also. The

the slides is, is,

II. The type'basket is shown in elevated or lower case position in thedrawings except Fig.

1A. When -the type basket is shifted downwardly to lower case positionby the meansusually provided for this purpose controlled by the shift Ikey, the pin 81 moves downwardly and rocks both arms 80 in acounterclockwise direction,

thereby drawing the slide ll to the right with reference to Figs. 2 and5. The movement of the slide a to the right and left is limited by anadjustable stop 88 (Fig. 2) clamped on and partly surrounding the slide"and having a vertical slot through which the left hand bracket I!projects, the verticalsides of the slot in the stop' Ol limiting therelative movement between the slide-and left handbracket I. This movebyscrews 51 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) to the universal slidably fitting inrectangular slots in the vertical parallel side arms 55a, 55b of theframe 55.-

side arm 55b is always located in fore and aft it alignment (Fig. 2)with one of the lugs 52b, 53b

or with the vertical part of the U-shaped bend No in the slide 48, butthe frame 55 may he slid horizontally or to the right and left in Fig. 2to 1 position the side am 5517 in front of a different one of the lugs52b, 53b or part c. 7 The selective positioning of'the side arm 55!) iseffectedby mechanism operated by the sublevers it in a manner that willbe made clear hereinafter. Conveniently, the frame 55 and the arm 55bwhich cooperates with lugs 52!); ,"b

may be termed an inter-poser since it is selectively the interposer 55.

selective shifting movement of the slide II which.

of course, selectively controls the movement of For this purpose thereissecured to the left hand end (Fig. 2) of'the slide 58 an arm "d to whichis fastened a bracket 8! (see Fig. 3 also) connected by an. adjustablelink 10a to an arm ll pivoted at 12a to a bracket interposed betweenuniversal bar 21 and the selectively operable parts of the escapementm'echanism which determine the extent of spacing controlling the throwof the pawl 44.

The interposer 5! is selectively operated prior to the impact of a typebar by means of a selector slide 58 best shown in Figs. 2 and 2A formedof astrip which is channel shaped in transverse section (Figs. 1 and4).. Slide 58 is movably mounted on stationary brackets 59 (Figs. 1, 2,4

and 5) which have rectangular closed slots guid- 12.. The bracket 12 isattached to the framework of the machine by the samestuds' Ila. as theleaf springs 2! for the universal bar ll as best shown in Fig. 3. Thearm II is connected by a link ill: to the interposer 55. 'Arm "d ispartly. supported by a bracket 13 secured'to the same part of the frameas springs 12 and having a horizontal slot guldingarm 58d.

Cooperating with the-slide I! are 19 selector interposers 1| (Figs. 1and 2) which are slidable at right anglesto'the slide II in a comb bar15 which is rigidlymounted in the type basket II and extends parallelwith the slide 58.

Asmost clearly shown in Fig. 1A, the front flange 15a of bar 15 isformed with rectangular slots or openings to accommodate the forwardends ing the ends of the slide, the parallel sides fla, 58b of theslide" being cut away for this ,pura pos near the ends as best shown inFig. 5.

Atthe right hand end of the bar 58 (Figs. 4 and 5) there is provided apin 680 which is engaged by the ends of stop levers 80, the other endsof which areyshaped to partly embrace the side of the shouldered shankof a stud 6| carried bye bent over lug 82a of a bracket 62. This bracket62 and a similar one 63 on the left (Fig. 2) are I mounted on theframework of the machine and have holes receiving adjustable stop screws64 (Figs. 4 and 5) threaded-into bases I a forming part of the typebasket frame 2|. The heads of the" stop screws M together withadjustable lock nuts SI limit the case shifting movements of a usualfeature of the "Electromatic typewriter.- The stop arms OI are held incontact with the the type basket II and, with brackets i2, 63 are 1!without effecting ashifting movement of the sides of the pin 59a and thestud 6| by means of a spring 86 (Figs. 4 and 5). The type basket frame:lhas a bracket 2": provided with a'pin Bland the arms '0 are so shapedas .to form a Z-shaped slot or opening (Fig. 4) receiving pin of thebars 14 which are substantially straight and'rectangular in section. Therear edge of thebar ,1! is slottedto form guide prongs lib and alsoshaped to provide a support for a-restr'aining rod 18 upon which the bar14 rests near their tain of the bars if necessary without removing.

the others by sliding the rod 18 lon itudinally by means of a similarrod in a well known way.

Blidably mounted .on cross rods TI and Id are selector slides IS whichare connected by links II to certain of the sub-levers ii. The selectorslides 19 'each have an upstanding portion having a straight edgeabutting the rear end of a bar 14 and is connected to such bar 14 bymeans of a spring 8! .which is anchored to ears formed in the bar H andinthe slide 1!. The straight 'midpoints. This makes it possible toremove ceredge just mentioned is parallel'with the line of shift of thetype basket 2-1 to permit the comb bar 15 and the selector bar llcarried thereby to move with the type basket relative to the slide.

selector. bar 14 longitudinally. This movement -of the bar I! and thetype basket-1s at right angles to'the sllding movement' of the slide"which remains relatively fixed in'thc machine.

'Iheteeth "b of. comb bar 15 extend far enough to the rear of themachine to: act as guides for the selector. slides 19 as well as for theinterposer bars 14 and also hold said slides in alignment with theirassociated bars ll. The slides I8 also may be kept in proper spacedrethe machine but there'are two'rods 11 supported '10 at their innerends by a bracket 'I'Ia (Fig. 2) secured to the underside of apart ofthe main pin 81 and at the same time permit the slide 58 to be shiftedright or left selectively in a manner to be described hereinafter. Forexample, in

erated to reduce the spacing to two orthree units asrequired. Table 1,given below, shows the apportionment of the spacings among the lowercase letters and other lower case selected characters typed. In thefirst column is given the number of the type bar, counting from left toright in the type basket, to correspond with the small numbersdesignating the sub-levers l5 associated therewith appearing below saidsub-levers in Fig. 2.

Table 1.L0we1' case framework. v Type Bar No. Character Standardtypewriters usually are provided with I 3 42 type bars each having twocharacters whereby 2 v 3;" such machines are capable of printing 84sepa- I i g rate characters including the upper case letters. 5 w 4 .,Ithas been found by practical experience that g the larger share of thecharacters in each letter a s case are so nearly alike in width thatthey may 3 allbe given the same amount of spacing with- 11' 3 {out muchof a sacrifice in the legibillty and lg g g 1 artisticappearance of thecharacters. Accord- 4 :11" 2. ingly, the selector slide 58 has beendesigned 4 with this in mind so that normally the bulk of z the lowercase characters receive a uniform feed g of three basic units and theupper case four 3 "For this purpose the slide 58 is made 3; g capable ofmovement to three different positions z; 3 and normally, with the, typebasket in lower 2 case position. that-is, elevated as in Fig. 1, the m r2 "lug 85b, as'shown in Figs. 2, 8 and 9 is located so g g as to actuatethe slides 48 and 58. When the 29 2 type basket is shifted to the uppercase position, 2? g as explained above, the slide 58 is shifted to\ 3 2the right in Fig. 2 to its third position in which g case the 'lug'55bwill be positioned to actuate only 35' I 3 the slide 88. 23- g The arm60,; springs 68 and stud 61 constitute as z a means to hold the slide asin either the first 40 0 g or third, position according to the positionof the 41 g It will be noted with reference to the above ta le Fig. 5the slide 58 is shown occupying its first 4511181; y the 5th, 14th.17th. 29th.

' or extreme left hand position fromwhich it may be selectively moved toeither, of two positions-on the right. In so moving, the right hand arm88 will be actuated by the pin 58c and rocked in a counterclockwisedirection against the tension of 9 the spring which will operate torestore the; slide 58 to the position of Fig. 5 when released. Theextent of restoring movement will be limited by the pin 51 whichrestricts clockwise movement of the right hand arm 60 and bythe lefthand arm 55 which is held against the pin 6! by the spring 88. On theother hand, when the type basket is shifted downwardly and the pins 61,through the arms 68, enact the case shifting movement of slide 58 to theright to its third position, said slide 60 may be moved selectively tothe right to the first position or to the intermediate position fromwhich the slide will be restored by spring 81 and the left hand arm 68.

The slide 58 may be shifted to the right selectively in Fig. 2 to itsthird position to select slide 18 alone or to an intermediate positionto select both slides 52 and 48. Thus the escapement will normally beoperated each time by the type bar through the universal bar to causethe carriage to travel three units of spacing. This is automaticallychanged t four units of spacing Y -upon the case shifting movement ofthe type basket from which either the three or two-unit shown in properposition to operate the'slide v58 and the bars II are numbered tocorrespond with the type bars as listed in the above table. It will thusbe seen that if the 5th type bar, which prints the letter w, isoperated, the bar 14 corresponding to this type bar will beldrawn towardthev front of the machine by the sub-lever l 5 for such bar to cam theslide 58 to its extreme right hand or third position, thereby shiftingthe lug 551) (Fig. 2) into registry with the vertical part of the U-shaped bend 48c whereby only slide 48 will be operated to produce themaximum spacing of four uni s. The interposer bar 14 for the 14th typebar printing the small letter f, on the other hand, cooperates with acam 58c designed to move the slide 58 to the right to its intermediateposition to select both the slide 48 and the slide 52 which, of course,will cause thecarriage to be spaced only two units.

The lower flange 58b of the slide 58 is simispacing members 52 and 53may be selectively oplarly provided with cams 58c as shown in Figs.

Spacing aceaosc "2 and 2A which, for the most part, are located to beoperated by the bars N associated with type bars other than the. oneswhich operate the slide 59 in the lower case position. Table 2 belowshows the spacings allotted to the upper case characters from which itwill be noted that all, with the exception of the ones printed by c the3rd, 7th, 11th, 19th, 26th, 27th, 29th, 31st,

32nd, 35th, 36th, 38th, 39th, and 40th type bars receive a uniformspacing of four units.

Table 2.'--.Upper case Type bar No. p E

In Table 2 it will be noted that all of the changes in spacings amountto reductions in consequence of the fact that most of the changes arerequired for the combination type bars which bear two-different symbolswhich have no relation to each other, such as combinations of mumeralswith punctuation marks, and special symbols with punctuation marks,which in the upper case selection require less spacing. It will also benoted that the keys which in the lower case position selected two unitsof spacing for the type bar now select three or four units. The cams 58fare shaped to selectively'move the slide it to the left away from thethird position to which it is moved immediately upon a case shift ingoperation. The flange tits is cut away as shown at Etc to provideclearance spaces which prevent blocking those of the is which must beprovided for a selective control of spacing for one case, but which arenot required for that purpose when printing in the other case. Forexample, both the upper and lower case letter w have the se spacingwhich in the lower case, is selected by movement of the bar it to thethird position under the iuence of the int crposer bar it correspondingto that character. In the upper c this selection is obtainedautomatically by the initial shifting of the slide at to the third itionby the case shift movement oi! the type basket, thereby renderinnunnecessary a 58;! for the bar M associated with the type bar No. 5. Forthis recn a cleace space the l, 5 is provided on flange 58a to preventthat bar 14 from being blocked by the flange 58b when printing the uppercase W. Similarly, clearance spaces are provided for all the bars Hwhich are operative in one but not the other of the case shiftingpositions of the bar H.

Since in only four cases is the same interposer bar 14 operative forboth the upper and lower case characters, it is necessary to provideonly 19 of the bars H thereby efiecting a very considerable saving inparts, it being unnecessary to provide bars It for 23 of the 42 keys. Inconsequence of the fact that the slide 58 is automaticsl-- cases makingit necessary to provide a cam! on the slide 58 to shift the slide 58back to the normal lower case position in order to obtain a three unitspacing for the printing of the asterisk. This is also true of the 29thtype her because the upper and lower case its require the same spacing.

It isnecessary to provide for operation of the escapement mechanism whenthe usual space bar is operated. As the machine is ordinarilyconstructed, it is provided with an arm 82 (Fig. 1) secured to a shortshaft 83 which is rocked counterclockwise through the medium of a camunit (not shown) controlled by space bar SB. 0 the universal bar 21 isusually connected by a link at to a rock lever 35 pivoted on a stud 88carried by a bracket Bl secured to the rear rail 25. When the space barSB is depressed and the unit associated therewithis rendered operativeto rock the arm 82 counterclockwise (Fig. 1) this-arm engages the arm oflever 85 to which the link 81 is connected and rocks said leverclockwise. Ann. 85 thus actuates theuniversal bar 21 in the samedirection as it is moved by a type bar, thereby operatingtheescapementmechanism. If the type basket is in lower case ition, this, of course,will result in the carriaae being advanced three units of spacing, whilein the upper case, the carriase will be advanced four units.

It is also necemary to provide for releasing the escapement mechanismwhen it is desired to move the carriage by hand or tabulate the carriageby means of the usual tabulating mechanism. For this purpose the clutch.comprising the members at and so is provided with a releasing plate-88(Figs. 1, 2, 6 and 7) which is pivoted at 89 (Figs.

l. and 7) to the escapement frame 30. This plate, as shown in Figs. 2and 6, has diametrically opposite luss projecting into the annular spacebetween the larser part of the, clutch member 36 and the ring t'lwhereby rocking of the plate 88 counterclockwise in Fig. 7 eifectsdisengagement oi the clutch member 36 from the cooperating member 35. Inorder to efiect this movement the plate to is connected by a link (Figs.1, 2, and 6) to one arm oi a lever 9| pivoted at 92 on a bracket 92acarried by the rear rail 25.' The up per arm of this lever 9i cooperateswith the usual escapement release bail 93 (Fig, l) which ispivotallymounted in the carriage and which is actuated in a clockwise direction(Fig. 1) by the usual carriage release-levers. 94 located at each end ofthe carriage. This movement, of course, rocks the lever 9icounterclockwise (Fig. 1) to l to disengage the clutch members 35and-36,

The upper arm of lever 9| is bifurcated to partly surround the usualtabularlever (not shown) by means of which the lever 9| may be rockedcounterclockwise by a rearward or left hand movement of one end of thetabular lever (Fig.1) in a well known way if it is desired to equip amachine embodying the present invention with conventional tabulatingmechanism.

While there have been shown and described and pointed out thefundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a singlemodification it will be understood that various omissions andsubstitutions and changes in the form and details of the deviceillustrated and in its operaassaoso I anism for the carriage including aplurality of selectively actuable elements determining diifer- Ioperated, and selecting mechanis'r'i'i'"operated by 1 said power devicesfor, moving said member a plution may be made by those skilled in theart, without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is theintention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope ofthe following claims.

What is claimed is: 1. In a typewriting machine, in combination with thecarriage, a selectively operable variable feed mechanism for saidcarriage, including a plurality of selectively operable members, eachdefining a different spacing when operated, and a common member foroperating the spacing mechanism as a whole; an actuating memberpositioned to operate said common operating member, and variablyselectively movable to a position to actuate said operating member alone.or to positions to select in addition one of said selectively operablemembers, said actuating member n being movable transversely of itsselecting movement to operate the common operating member and theselected one of the first named members; a series of character keys,selector elements controlled by said'character keys, a selector barhaving a connection to the selectively movable actuating member andoperable variable extents by said selector elements, character printingmeans controlled by said keys, andmeans operative during each printingoperation to operate the selectively movable actuating member to actuatethe common operating member and the selected of the first named members.

2. In a typewriting machine, in combination with the carriage,selectively operable variable escapement mechanism, a member movable toa plurality of positions in one direction to selectively control theescapement mechanism and movable transversely of its selecting movementto operate the escapement mechanism, a longitudinally movable selectorbar having connections to move said member to any one of said pluralityof positions, said selector bar having two series of cam surfaces, 2.series of selector elements normally cooperating with one series of camson said selector bar, character keys, case shiftable printing mechanismcontrolled by, said keys,

means to effect'a relative shifting between the selector elements andthe selector bar upon a case shifting operation to bring the selectorelements into cooperation with the other series of cam surfaces on theselector bar, and means controlled by the keys 'for operating theselector elements, said selector elements when operated engaging saidcam surfaces to effect a longitudinal shifting movement of the selectorbar thereby moving said member to determine the extent of feed of thecarriage according to the character printed.

3. A typewriter including a carriage, printing mechanism, a series ofcharacter keys, 2. series of power actuating devices for the printingmechanism controlled by said keys, variable feed mechone rality ofextents, said selecting mechanism including selector elements eachassociated with a key and a member movable variable extents by saidselector elements and connected to the first named member, said selectorelements having connections to certain of the power devices so as v .tobe operated whenever certain keys are operated.

4. In a typewriting machine, a carriage, selectively operable variablefeed mechanism for the. carriage including separately operable elementseach determining a different extent of feed, a member movable to selectsaid elements and also movable to operate the selected element,

case shiftable character printing mechanism, a series of character'keys,means to actuate said member to operate the selected element with eachoperation of the printing mechanism, and means controlled by the keysfor selectively moving said member upon the operation of certain keys,and

means operable upon a case shifting operation of the printing mechanismto change the selecting movement of the first member.

5. In a machine of the class described, a carriage, selectively operablevariable feed mechanism for the carriage, a member movable to aplurality of difierent positions to determine the extent of feedimparted to the carriage by said feed mechanism, a series 01' type bars,a type basket supporting said type bars and having a case shiftingmovement, a series of character keys for controlling the operation ofthe type bars, a selector member movable away from a normal lower caseriage, a member for operating and variably controlling the feedmechanism movable a plurality of diiferent extents to selectivelycontrol the feed mechanism and also movable to operate the feedmechanism after a selection has been made, case shiftable printingmechanism including a part movable from a lower case position to anupper case position, a selector member connected to the first member andmovable by said part away from a lower case selecting position aplurality of different extents to selectively position the first memberand also movable to anupper case position away from which said selectormember also is movable a plurality of different extents, a series ofkeys for controlling the printing mechanism, means controlled by thekeys for shifting said selector member away from the lower caseselecting position includin elements individual to the character keysfor variably moving the selector member, and means controlled by saidmovable part for shifting the selector member to the upper case positionand also changing the relation of said elements to said selector memberupon each case shifting operation of the printing mechanism.

7. Selector mechanism for a variable spacing typewriter comprising aselector bar having two series of cam surfaces and movablelongitudinally, a support bar disposed parallel with the selector slide,a series of selector elements slidably' mounted on said support bar andcooperating with one of the two series of cams on the selector bar andmovable into cooperation with said cams to variably shift said selectorbar extents determined bythe position and-angularity of the cams on saidbar, a series of keys, mechanism controlled by said keys for operatingthe selector elements, and means to shift the selector bar and supportbar relative to each other to bring the selector elements intocooperation with the other series of cams.

8. A selector mechanism fona variable spacing typewriter comprising aselector bar movable variable extents away from a lower case selectingposition toward an upper case selecting position from which upper caseposition the bar is reversely movable variable extents toward the lowercase selecting position, key controlled operating means cooperating withsaid bar in one position to move the bar variable extents from its lowercase position towards its upper case position and shiftable relative tosaid bar for moving said bar variable extents away from the upper caseselecting position toward the lower case selecting position, and meansoperable upon a case shifting operation to shift said bar to the uppercase selecting position and change the operating relation of the keycontrolled means to said bar.

9. A selecting mechanism for a variable spacing typewritercomprising aselector bar longi' tudinally settable to a lower case selectingposition and to an upper case selecting position from either of whichlongitudinally set positions said bar is longitudinally movable,variable extents, means to set the bar in either its lower caseselecting position or its upper caseselecting position upon a caseshifting operation, and key controlled means for variably movingsaid barlongitudinally from either of said positions.

10. Selector mechanism for a variable spac ing typewriter includingamember movable variable extents away from a lower case shifting positionand settable toan upper case shifting position from which said memberalso is movable variable extents toward the lower case shiftingposition, a series of character keys, means indi-.

vidual to said character keys and cooperating with said member in itsdifferent case shifting positions to shift said member variable extentsfrom either of said positions toward the other position, and meansoperable upon a case shifting operation for setting said member to oneor the other of its case shifting positions.

11. A selector mechanism for variable spacing typewriters comprising aslide movable longitudinally to any of a plurality of space selectingpositions, a series of charactenkeys, and operating members individualto and controlled by said keys for moving said slide longitudinallyvariable extents and operative, when a character key is operated, toshift the slide an extent dependent on the character represented by theoperated key.

12. A variable escapement mechanism comprisinga ratchet wheel, anescapement dog, a

-member operable to release the escapement dog and lock th'e escapementwheel, means operative upon the release of the escapement dog to move itto an advanced position, a plurality of stop members each movable intothe path of said escapement dog to limit its movement when released bythe first named member to thereby determine the extent of rotation ofthe ratchet, and a member common to the first member and said stopmembers for operating both the releasing member and a selected stopmember, said common member being selectively movable to select said stopmembers for operation.

13. A variable escapement mechanism comprising a ratchet wheel, anescapement dog, means operable to release the escapement dog from theescapement wheel and to lock the escapement wheel, means operative uponthe release. of the escapement dog to move it to an advanced position, aplurality of stop members each movable into the path of the saidescapement dog to limit its movement when released to thereby determinethe extent of rotation of the ratchet, character keys, and operatingmeans including a common member controlled by said keys movable to firstselect said stop members and then movable to operate both the selectedstop member and the releasing means.

14. A variable escapement mechanism com-' prising a ratchet wheeltending to rotate in a letter feedin direction, an escapement dog normally engaging said ratchet to prevent rotation in a letter feeddirection, spring means to move said dog counter to letter feedingmovement of the ratchet when released therefrom; a releasing slidehaving a tooth movable into engagement with the ratchet to lock itagainst rotation when the dog is released and also releasing said dogfor movement by saidspring, said slide having a stop for arresting saidreleased dog in a position to determine a maximum extent of rotation ofthe ratchet; a plurality of stop slides having stop portionspositionable by movement of said slides to arrest the released dog inintermediate positions determining lesser extents of rotation of theratchet, and a member selectively movable to a plurality of positions,in one of which positions said member operates the first slide alone andin another of which positions the member of selectable stop elementsmovable to determine the extent of feed of the feed mechanism andincluding a common operating member for said stop elements andselectively movable to a plurality of positions to select one of saidstop elements for operation and thereby determine the extent of feedeffected by said feed mechanism; selector mechanism including a seriesof selector elements for moving said member different extent; a, seriesof character keys, and means controlled by said keys for operating saidselector elements.

16. In a typewriting machine, in combination with the carriage; aselectively operable variable feed mechanism for the carriage includinga plurality of members for operating the feed mechanism, certain of saidmembers being selectively operable, one at a time, in conjunction with apredetermined one of .said members, to operate the feeding mechanism todetermine different extents of feed, and operable alone by said ated bysaid universal bar for selecting and on crating said first-namedmembers, a series of character keys, selector elements controlled by thecharacter keys, a selector slide having a con nection to the universalbar actuated member and provided with cam means actuated by saidselector elements for moving the said selector slide and said membervariable extents accord ing to the widths of the characters corresponding to the keys, and character printing means controlled by said keys.-

17. In a typewriting machine, in combination with the carriage, aselectively operable variable feed mechanism for the carriage, characterprinting means, a universal bar automatically oper= ated to actuate saidfeed mechanism each time a character is printed, character keys,selector elements controlled by the character keys, and a selector barmovable variable extents by said se= lector elements and selectivelycontrolling opera tlon oi the feed mechanism by said universal bar.

18. In a. typewrlting machine, incombination with the carriage, aselectively operable variable speed mechanism for the carriage includinga plurality of actuable members for operating the feed mechanism,certain of said members being selectively operable, one at a time, inconjunction with a predetermined one of said members to ole terminedifierent extents of feed, said predeter= mined member also beingoperable alone to de= termine an extent of feed difierent from thosedetermined by said predetermined members, a universal bar having aninvariable stroke of move ment, a member actuated by said universal barand movable to both select and operate said first named members, aseries of character keys, selec to;- elements controlled by thecharacter keys; a selector slide havinc a connectlonto the univer salbar actuated member to select the first named members for operation andprovided with com means actuable by said selector elements for movingthe said selector slide and said universal essence bar actuated membervariable extents according to the widths of characters corresponding tothe keys, said selector her having two series of cam means, one of whichnormally cooperates with said selector elements, the other cam meansincluding cams facing in the opposite direction to the cams of the firstcam means and coacting with saidselector elements when said slide isshifted to an upper case position by both a longitudinal and a lateralshifting of the slide, a

case-shifted part, and means whereby the case shifted part efiects theshifting of said slide to said upper case position.

moving said member, and means to actuate said member to operate theselected elements.

20, A variable eecapement mechanism including an escapement ratchet, anescapement dog normally engaged with said ratchet, means movable to aposition to release said dog and operetive in said position to lock theescapement wheel against rotation, means operative upon release of theescanement dog to move said dog counter to the rotation oi the ratchetin its feed movement, a series oi stop members separately movable topositions to arrest the escapement dog variable distances from itsnormal ratchet enga his position; said releasing means, when restored,permitting the dog to reengage the ratchet in positions determined bysaid stop members and when restored, also releasing the ratchet to periselected oneof the stop members.

, JAMES F. SMATE-ERS.

